We suggest that level after level has been added during the evolution of teaching. The levels of teaching are (1) intentional evaluative feedback, (2) drawing attention, (3) demonstrating, (4) communicating concepts, and (5) explaining relations between concepts.
CHIMPANZEE HAND AXE SERIES
Based on discussions of animal and hominin learning, we analyze the evolution of intentional teaching by a series of levels that require increasing capacities of mind reading and communication on the part of the teacher and the learner. Something happened during the evolution of Homo sapiens that also made us Homo docens-the teaching animal. 25,000 years ago: Other Homo species had gone extinct, leaving only modern humans, Homo sapiens, spread throughout the Old World.Teaching is present in all human societies, while within other species it is very limited.
Also, some groups of modern humans extended their range beyond Africa. 50,000 years ago: Human cultures produced cave paintings and body adornment, and constructed elaborate burials.At the same time, Homo neanderthalensis and Homo erectus lived in other parts of the Old World. 100,000 years ago: Human brains reached more or less the current range of sizes.These hominids included the ancestors of Neanderthals ( Homo neanderthalensis) in Europe and Homo erectus in Asia. Also, hominids had spread out of Africa and into much of Asia and Europe. 2 mya: The first members of the Homo clade, with their relatively large brains, lived in Africa.There were perhaps four or more species of hominid living in Africa. 2.5 mya: Some hominids made tools by chipping stones to form a cutting edge.3 mya: Australopithecus afarensis (“ Lucy“) lived in Africa.
Before 4 mya: The hominid Australopithecus anamensis walked around what is now Kenya on its hind legs. Before 5 mya: In Africa, our ancestral lineage and the chimpanzee lineage split. Here are some of the important events in human history, with approximate dates, which reflect the evidence currently available: Examining the fossils, the artifacts, and even the DNA of these relatives has helped us understand how this complex hominid tree evolved, and how modern humans came to exist. Instead, the early hominid lineage gave rise to many other (now extinct) hominids. What happened to us after that split? The hominid lineage did not march in a straight line to Homo sapiens. This genetic similarity made it hard to figure out exactly how these two primates are related, but recent genetic studies have strongly suggested that chimpanzees and humans are each other’s closest living relative.Ībout six million years ago in Africa, the chimpanzee lineage and our own split. Chimpanzees and humans form a clade with DNA sequences that differ by only 1%. This tree is based on morphological and genetic data. The location of our very own twig: Humans on the tree of life Much scientific effort goes into studying human evolution, and as a result, our understanding of this area is moving forward rapidly, as new evidence emerges and hypotheses are tested, confirmed, discarded, or modified. Information on controversies in the public arena relating to evolutionĮvolutionary biologists are interested in understanding how humans fit into the history of life and how the processes of evolution have shaped us. Alignment with the Next Generation Science Standards. The big issues – Pacing, diversity, complexity, and trends. Macroevolution – Evolution above the species level. Microevolution – Evolution within a population. Mechanisms: the processes of evolution – Selection, mutation, migration, and more. The history of life: looking at the patterns – Change over time and shared ancestors. An introduction to evolution: what is evolution and how does it work?.
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